The idea behind this paper stems from the need to provide a valid contribution to understanding the historical, political and economic bases of bilateral relations between Italy and Libya, motivated by the need to define Italian...
moreThe idea behind this paper stems from the need to provide a valid contribution to understanding the historical, political and economic bases of bilateral relations between Italy and Libya, motivated by the need to define Italian diplomatic opportunities in post-Gaddafi Libya. Libya has represented, in a historical crescendo, one of the privileged channels of Italian foreign policy, representing one of its strategic priorities. This particular relationship is the result of historical relations between the two countries, or rather between Italy and the different regions part of nowadays Libya, at least since the 1880s. The strong ties already existing since the colonial occupation in 1911, grew further, in number and importance, from 1947, the year after the Libyan independence. From the post-WWII era, Libya started to represent a primary channel of Italian foreign policy, since it included the most important Italian interests in energy and safety. This state of affairs lasted for the whole second half of twentieth century. In addition to this, starting from the 1990s, the question of migratory flows originating particularly in sub-Saharan Africa transiting through Libya, and then from there to Europe, represented the third important pillar of the Italian-Libyan bilateral relations.
The central figure of Italo-Libyan relations was Muammar Gaddafi. His coup d'état in 1969 profoundly changed the course of history, not only Libyan, but also Italian. For more than forty years he was a central figure, a firm opponent of Western interests and creator of modern Libya. The relations between Italy and Libya have in fact been marked for their entire duration by an alternation of conflict and a propensity to dialogue and agreements from both sides, showing a diplomatic image of Italy as characterized by structural difficulties in formulating the objectives which have so far not allowed the southern European country to define a clear orientation to pursue. This indecision has promoted a hesitant and often incoherent foreign policy attitude. Indeed, within Italian foreign policy Libya has continued to be a priority even after the events of 2011 that culminated in the deposition of Gaddafi and the unleashing of political chaos, not yet concluded. The current scenario raises new and important questions about the future development of Italo-Libyan political and economic relations. It is therefore necessary to redesign a diplomatic approach capable of effectively re-establishing strong and lasting relations with the changed reality of the North African country, and which will allow Italy to perpetuate its historic and natural role as a privileged mediator.