It would be difficult to suppose the total destruction of a 100.000 sq. m. block, like the one that includes the area of Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, for the construction of new public buildings nowadays. On the contrary, it wasn’t...
moreIt would be difficult to suppose the total destruction of a 100.000 sq. m. block, like the one that includes the area of Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, for the construction of new public buildings nowadays. On the contrary, it wasn’t particularly hard for Augustus and his successors the edification of monumental huge complexes in the heart of the ancient town, that caused the cancellation of the preexisting topographic arrangement. We can only imagine the impact that the Fora had on the previous urban texture, as we can simply suppose the change in the perception of the spaces after their construction. Of course, nobody has lived long enough to see how the shape of the town has changed during the nearly two centuries from the edification of the Forum of Caesar (46 B.C. ) and the Trajan one (112-113 A.D.), and the following Temple (125-138 A.D.) dedicated to him by Hadrian. But, trying to figure it out, we can understand how from a set full of footpaths, little streets, perhaps almost alleys among public buildings (“full urban”, in urban architectonic terms), it changed into big monumental squares (“urban void”). A heterogeneous landscape made of insulae, domus, workshops, streets, little squares and markets was indeed replaced by the magnificence and regularity of the Fora wanted by Caesar . According to Paul Zanker “the overall image of a town in a particular historic situation represents an effective system of visual communication, that because of its continuous presence can influence, also at an unconscious level, the inhabitants” . If it is true then, the heart of the town, at the end of this urban process, in addition to have been changed into a new showcase of the power, has become the place of the imperial memory . What Plato attributed to the Greek temple was similarly applicable to the Fora complex . Indeed, they were the “canonized codification of the cultural (Roman) grammar”, that was able to influence both the “act” and the “behavior” of the Urbe inhabitants . In few words, the central area had become a subtle and effective way for selecting what should have been remembered. The royal power legitimized itself with a mythic and historic past, transforming the urban landscape into a tangible sign through great complexes that included, at the same time, both the cultural and the communicative memory . In short, the emperors had created an alliance between power and memory, taking possession not only of the mythic and historic past, but also of the future. In fact, if “the power is retrospectively legitimated and prospectively immortalized” then, in little more than two hundred years, they had settled the central area of the town “in view of the eternity” .
Therefore, the imperial power generated, legitimized, celebrated and perpetuated itself with huge monuments of “propaganda”, set where the events of the city life, such as the processes in the court of the Forum of Augustus or the slaves liberations in Trajan one , used to take place. For nearly two hundred years, as it often happens, power and architecture, power and urbanity intertwined with one another. Eighteen centuries later they retied again, when an operation which was similar in materials, but ideologically distant, took place in only nine years destroying the flesh of the urban texture that had started its formation in the end of the 16th century. It has already been recognized that: “in the history of the town, the impact that the insertion of the forensic squares had on the Ancient Rome urban landscape, can be compared with the demolition and the excavation of Medieval and Modern blocks that was promoted by the Fascist regime for the monumental setting of Via dell’Impero and the archeological area of the same forum” . Furthermore, also in this case, a long process had finished with the construction of an urban landscape that, at the moment of the political regime change, was sacrificed on behalf of its own exaltation in front of the history . So, if we compare to perceive, then it will be useful to take a “guided tour” in the area that underwent the deconstruction operations wanted by Mussolini. That will make it possible the contemplation of the big heterogeneity that was demolished by the “pickaxe of the Regime”, helping in a better comprehension of such a radical change like the one that brought to the “rediscovery” of the imperial squares. It is important in order to better perceive how their construction radically influenced the central area of the ancient town, where gradually toponyms and buildings, whose functions sometimes were transferred in each Forum, disappeared. So, the history of the central area will be reconstructed from the Pre-urban period up to the Late Republican one, when Iulius Caesar, with the construction of his Forum, started the demolition work of the old district that sprang up from the Middle- Republican period .
Finally, we are going to think of how, in every period and thanks to any impetus, the reorganization of the urban space starts a process – that can be defined as the regret process – that exclusively involves the inhabitants who experience the cancellation of places and buildings to whom they link their memories or events from their memory.